What is Panchang?
Panchang serves as the Vedic calendar system, functioning as a comprehensive timekeeping method in Hindu astrology and tradition. Unlike modern calendars that simply mark dates, Panchang provides detailed astrological insights for each day, helping practitioners determine auspicious timings for important life events and daily activities.
The term "Panchang" literally means "five limbs" or "five attributes," referring to the five essential elements that comprise this ancient calendar system: Tithi (lunar day), Nakshatra (lunar mansion), Yoga (luni-solar day), Karana (half of a Tithi), and Vara (weekday). These elements work together to create a sophisticated framework for understanding cosmic influences on earthly matters.
The Five Elements of Panchang
Tithi represents the lunar day in the Vedic calendar, calculated based on the angular relationship between the Sun and Moon. There are 30 Tithis in a lunar month, divided into two paksha (fortnights): Shukla Paksha (waxing moon) and Krishna Paksha (waning moon). Each Tithi holds specific significance for religious observances and rituals.
Nakshatra refers to the lunar mansion or constellation through which the Moon passes during its monthly journey. The 27 Nakshatras (sometimes counted as 28) are fundamental to Vedic astrology, influencing personality traits, compatibility, and the auspiciousness of various activities. Each Nakshatra is associated with specific deities, qualities, and ruling planets.
Yoga is formed by the combined motion of the Sun and Moon, creating 27 distinct Yogas throughout the lunar month. These Yogas significantly impact the quality of time, determining whether periods are favorable or unfavorable for specific undertakings. Some Yogas like Siddha and Amrita are considered highly auspicious, while others like Vyatipata should be approached with caution.
Karana represents half of a Tithi, with each lunar day containing two Karanas. There are 11 types of Karanas in total, each governing different types of activities. Understanding Karanas helps in selecting appropriate timings for business transactions, travel, and other daily pursuits.